Sobre
Os mirtilos são plantas floríferas perenes com bagas azuis-escuras/roxas. A planta pertence à seção dos Cyanococcus , e ao gênero Vaccinium (arandos, mirtilos-selvagens e groselha-espinhosa também pertencem ao gênero Vaccinium). As espécies que pertencem a esta secção de Cyanococcus são vendidas geralmente como “mirtilos” e têm suas origens na América do Norte.
Os mirtilos são, geralmente, provenientes de arbustos elevados e reclinados. O seu tamanho varia entre 10 centímetros (3,9 polegadas) e 4 metros (13 pés) de altura. As bagas têm, geralmente, entre 5 e 16 milímetros (0,20 - 0,63 polegadas) de diâmetro e possuem uma coroa quebrada. As bagas possuem uma cor inicialmente verde pálida, passando por uma etapa de cor vermelha/roxa, até uma cor azul escura/roxa depois de maduras. As bagas estão protegidas por uma camada de cera epicuticular poeirenta, comummente conhecida como “véu”. Os mirtilos costumam ter sabor doce e podem variar em acidez. Eles têm um sabor doce quando maduro, com acidez variável
Integrated pest management in blueberry
Integrated pest management (IPM) plays a vital role in blueberry crop protection, addressing the numerous pests and diseases that can impact the health and productivity of these plants. IPM focuses on using a combination of methods to manage pest populations, which includes pest monitoring, cultural practices, biological control and chemical control, as needed. By using non-chemical methods and reducing the use of pesticides, growers can limit their exposure to harmful chemicals and minimise the negative impact on the environment.
Various beneficial organisms can be used for the control of aphids, fruit flies, mealybugs and scales, spider mites, thrips, beetles and whitefly in blueberry crops. These beneficials include ladybirds, lacewings, predatory mites, parasitic wasps and predatory beetles. These natural enemies feed on pests, reducing their numbers and preventing them from causing significant damage to the crops.
Blueberry diseases such as Botrytis, Phytophthora and other fungal pathogens can cause serious harm. Beneficial antagonistic fungi which protect the plants against these diseases can be applied to the growing medium when the plants are being grown under permanent protection, where they will compete with the pathogenic fungi for space and nutrients and even kill them. At the same time, they strengthen the root system making the plant less vulnerable to infection.
Bumblebees are highly efficient pollinators of blueberry crops. They contribute significantly to the successful production of high-quality blueberries. Bumblebees also contribute to the sustainability of blueberry cultivation. By incorporating bumblebees into an IPM strategy, growers reduce the use of chemical pesticides and promote a more sustainable and eco-friendly approach to crop management.
By implementing IPM strategies, blueberry growers can mitigate the damage caused by pests and diseases, preserve the quality of their crops, and promote sustainable practices for long-term crop health.
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